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Critical Thinking Reading And Writing 10th Edition

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing by Sylvan Barnet; Hugo Bedau; John O'Hara - Tenth Edition, 2020 from Macmillan Student Store

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Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing

A Brief Guide to ArgumentTenth Edition ©2020

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a brief yet versatile resource for teaching argument, persuasive writing, and research. It makes argument concepts clear and gives students strategies to move from critical thinking and analysis to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive covera...

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a brief yet versatile resource for teaching argument, persuasive writing, and research. It makes argument concepts clear and gives students strategies to move from critical thinking and analysis to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive coverage of classic and contemporary approaches to argument — Aristotelian, Toulmin, Rogerian, visual argument, and more — provides a foundation for nearly 50 readings on current issues, such as student loan forgiveness and gun violence, topics that students will want to engage with and debate. For today's ever-increasingly visual learners who are challenged to separate what's real from what's not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and newly annotated readings highlight important rhetorical moves. This affordable guide can stand alone or supplement a larger anthology of readings.

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Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing by Sylvan Barnet; Hugo Bedau; John O'Hara - Tenth Edition, 2020 from Macmillan Student Store

Affordable strategies for critical thinking and academic argument.

Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing is a brief yet versatile resource for teaching argument, persuasive writing, and research. It makes argument concepts clear and gives students strategies to move from critical thinking and analysis to crafting effective arguments. Comprehensive coverage of classic and contemporary approaches to argument — Aristotelian, Toulmin, Rogerian, visual argument, and more — provides a foundation for nearly 50 readings on current issues, such as student loan forgiveness and gun violence, topics that students will want to engage with and debate. For today's ever-increasingly visual learners who are challenged to separate what's real from what's not, new activities and visual flowcharts support information literacy, and newly annotated readings highlight important rhetorical moves. This affordable guide can stand alone or supplement a larger anthology of readings.

An affordable, yet comprehensive and flexible, book for teaching critical thinking and argument. Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing shows students how to recognize and evaluate assumptions and apply critical thinking and reading skills to writing argumentative essays — and does so in a concise, affordable format.

An impressive range of perspectives on argument. Early chapters give students a vocabulary for argument — thesis, claim, validity, appeal, evidence, and more — in both text and visual genres. A unique section introduces students to the following approaches to argument: philosophical (the Toulmin model); logical (deduction, induction, fallacies); psychological (Rogerian); literary; and oral argument and debate.

Readings on current issues that provide material for an entire course. Nearly 50 readings throughout the book (including eight student essays) showcase argument and inspire student analysis and response. Topics include gun control, free speech, gender equality in the military, esports, student loan debt, and more.

Activities that engage critical thinking and allow students to experiment with argument techniques. "Thinking Critically" activities throughout the text give students practice in analyzing and constructing arguments, focusing on skills such as generating topics, defining terms and concepts, narrowing a thesis, and using transitions in argument.

Visual, student-friendly design. Colorful features make the book visually appealing and easy to navigate. Seventy visuals such as ads, cartoons, photographs, and Web pages provide both occasions for critical inquiry and a lively, up-to-date look.

New to This Edition

Now two casebooks — one on a current issue and one on an enduring topic of inquiry — foreground issues that matter to students and make for an engaging classroom.  Inspired by feedback from instructors teaching argument, this edition now features a casebook on an issue relevant to students' lives now — "A College Education: What Is its Purpose?" — as well as a collection of perspectives from philosophy, literature, and politics on "What Is the Ideal Society?"

Fresh and timely new readings. More than a third of the featured arguments throughout the text are new and cover even more topics of current interest:

  • Nausicaa Renner exposes the logical fallacy of calling a position "common sense" in "How Do You Explain the 'Obvious'?"
  • Suzanne Nossel argues in "The Pro-Free Speech Way to Fight Fake News" that the best way to counter exceedingly partisan media and fraudulent stories is to give consumers the tools to think critically.
  • Kwame Anthony Appiah cautions against granting too much authority to collective identities in "Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself."

A sharper focus on fostering information literacy. Early chapters on critical reading and writing are updated to include topics such as confirmation bias, and Chapter 7, "Using Sources" is modernized to help students interrogate their sources for reliability, relevance, and accuracy. New sections such as "Why Finding Reliable Internet Sources Is So Challenging"  understand that digital natives seek and find information online and provides instruction and visual examples of sponsored content, fake news sites, and scholarly databases so students can evaluate and use research effectively.

New Visual Guides that jumpstart critical thinking.  Graphics and flow charts replace dense text to aid students in designing their own paths through common argument tasks such as writing a critical summary and organizing an analysis.

Annotated essays that make argument moves visible. In addition to the student essays that are marked to show the writers' strategies, this edition features several selections by professional writers that provide support for understanding argument during the reading process and highlight writers' rhetorical moves and persuasive strategies.

Even more topics on critical thinking and reading. New sections include a "Survey, Analyze, and Evaluate" process for working through an issue, an understanding of "Obstacles to Critical Thinking," and strategies for "Approaching an Issue (or an Assignment)."

Writing prompts that support major course assignments. Each chapter on critical thinking, reading, and writing now features  a capstone writing prompt that allows students to practice argument in common assignment genres.

"Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing reveals the mechanics of thought behind the very active processes of reading and writing. This guide is an excellent foundation for argument—from inception to final presentation."
— Meghan Tutolo, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg

   "I have been using Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing ever since I began teaching at my current college for the past ten years. After reviewing many possible contenders, this textbook has the most intriguing and engaging articles and a great review of essential skills of thinking, reading, and writing critically."
— Jeffrey Nishimura, Los Angeles City College

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Table of Contents

Preface

PART ONE: CRITICAL THINKING AND READING

1           Critical Thinking
Thinking through an Issue
Analyzing and Evaluating from Multiple Perspectives
             Survey, Analyze, and Evaluate the Issue
Visual Guide: Evaluating a Proposal
             Obstacles to Critical Thinking
             Anticipating Counterarguments
Critical Thinking at Work: From a Cluster to a Short Essay
ALEXA CABRERA, Stirred and Strained: Pastafarians Should Be Allowed to Practice in Prison (annotated student essay)
Generating Ideas: Writing as a Way of Thinking
             Confronting Unfamiliar Issues
             Using Clustering to Discover Ideas
             Approaching an Issue (or an Assignment)
             Prompting Yourself: Classical Topics and Invention
An Essay for Generating Ideas
NINA FEDOROFF, The Genetically Engineered Salmon Is a Boon for Consumers and Sustainability
Thinking Critically: Generating Ideas with Topics
             Thinking Critically about the Issue
A Checklist for Critical Thinking
A Short Essay Calling for Critical Thinking
LYNN STUART PARRAMORE, Fitbits for Bosses (annotated)
Examining Assumptions
A Checklist for Examining Assumptions
*HELEN BENEDICT, The Military Has a Man Problem
Assignments for Critical Thinking

2           Critical Reading: Getting Started
Active Reading
             Previewing
             A Short Essay for Previewing Practice
Thinking Critically: Previewing
SANJAY GUPTA, Why I Changed My Mind on Weed
             Reading with a Careful Eye: Underlining, Highlighting, Annotating
             Reading: Fast and Slow
             Defining Terms and Concepts
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
A Checklist for a Paraphrase
Patchwriting and Plagiarism
Strategies for Summarizing
             Critical Summary
Visual Guide: Writing a Critical Summary
             A Short Essay for Summarizing Practice
SUSAN JACOBY, A First Amendment Junkie  (annotated)
A Checklist for a Summary
Essays for Analysis
GWEN WILDE, Why the Pledge of Allegiance Should Be Revised (annotated student essay)
ZACHARY SHEMTOB and DAVID LAT, Executions Should Be Televised
A Casebook for Critical Reading: Should Some Kinds of Speech Be Censored?
*SUZANNE NOSSEL, The Pro-Free Speech Way to Fight Fake News
CHARLES R. LAWRENCE III, On Racist Speech
Assignments for Critical Reading

3           Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into Arguments
Persuasion, Argument, and Rhetorical Appeals
Visual Guide: Evaluating Persuasive Appeals
Thinking Critically: Identifying Ethos
Reason, Rationalization, and Confirmation Bias
Types of Reasoning
             Induction
             Deduction
             Premises and Syllogisms
Some Procedures in Argument
             Definitions
             Assumptions
             Evidence: Experimentation, Examples, Authoritative Testimony, and Numerical Data
Thinking Critically: Authoritative Testimony
A Checklist for Evaluating Statistical Evidence
Nonrational Appeals
             Satire, Irony, Sarcasm
             Emotional Appeals
Thinking Critically: Nonrational Appeals
Does All Writing Contain Arguments?
A Checklist for Analyzing an Argument
An Example: An Argument and a Look at the Writer's Strategies
*JOHN TIERNEY, The Reign of Recycling (annotated)
Arguments for Analysis
*KWAME ANTHONY APPIAH, Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself
*NAUSICAA RENNER, How Do You Explain The "Obvious?"
ANNA LISA RAYA, It's Hard Enough Being Me (student essay)
RONALD TAKAKI, The Harmful Myth of Asian Superiority
JAMES Q. WILSON, Just Take Away Their Guns
*BERNIE SANDERS, We Must Make Public Colleges and Universities Tuition Free
Assignments for Critical Reading

4           Visual Rhetoric: Thinking about Images as Arguments
Uses of Visual Images
             Types of Emotional Appeals
Seeing versus Looking: Reading Advertisements
A Checklist for Analyzing Images
Levels of Images
Visual Guide: Analyzing Images
Documenting Reality: Reading Photographs
             A Word on "Alternative Facts"
Accommodating, Resisting, and Negotiating the Meaning of Images
Are Some Images Not Fit to Be Shown?: Politics and Pictures
An Argument on Publishing Images
Writing about Political Cartoons
Thinking Critically: Analysis of a Political Cartoon
A Checklist for Analyzing Political Cartoons
An Example: A Student's Essay Analyzing Images
*RYAN KWON, The American Pipe Dream? (annotated student essay)
Visuals as Aids to Clarity: Maps, Graphs, and Pie Charts
             A Word on Misleading or Manipulative Visual Data
A Checklist for Charts and Graphs
Using Visuals in Your Own Paper
Additional Images for Analysis
DOROTHEA LANGE, Migrant Mother
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, World War II Recruitment Poster
NORA EPHRON, The Boston Photographs
Assignments in Visual Rhetoric

Part Two CRITICAL WRITING

5           Writing an Analysis of an Argument
Analyzing an Argument
Examining The Author's Thesis
Examining The Author's Purpose
Examining The Author's Methods
Examining The Author's Persona
Examining The Author's Audience
A Checklist for Analyzing an Author's Intended Audience
             Organizing Your Analysis
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Analysis
             Summary versus Analysis
A Checklist for Analyzing a Text
An Argument, Its Elements, And a Student's Analysis of the Argument
NICHOLAS D. KRISTOF, For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle
Thinking Critically: Examining Language to Analyze an Author's Argument
             The Essay Analyzed
*THERESA CARCALDI, For Sound Argument, Drop The Jokes: How Kristof Falls Short in Convincing His Audience (annotated student essay)
An Analysis of the Student's Analysis
A Checklist for Writing an Analysis of an Argument
Arguments for Analysis
JEFF JACOBY, Bring Back Flogging
*MATTHEW WALTHER, Sorry, Nerds: Video Games Are Not a Sport
JUSTIN CRONIN, Confessions of a Liberal Gun Owner
*CARL SAFINA, Never Mind Theory
Assignment for Writing an Analysis of an Argument

6       Developing an Argument of Your Own
Planning an Argument
             Getting Ideas: Argument as an Instrument of Inquiry
             Three Brainstorming Strategies: Freewriting, Listing, and Diagramming
             Revision as Invention
             Asking Questions with Stasis Theory
             Considering Evidence
             The Thesis or Main Point
A Checklist for a Thesis Statement
Thinking Critically: Walking the Tightrope
             Imagining an Audience
             The Audience as Collaborator
             Addressing Opposition and Establishing Common Ground
A Checklist for Imagining an Audience
Drafting and Revising Argument
             The Title
             The Opening Paragraphs
             Organizing the Body of the Essay
Visual Guide: Organizing Your Argument
             The Ending
Thinking Critically: Using Transitions in Argument
             Uses of an Outline
A Checklist for Organizing an Argument
             Tone and the Writer's Persona
             We, One, or I?
Thinking Critically: Eliminating We, One, and I
A Checklist for Establishing Tone and Persona
             Avoiding Sexist Language
Peer Review
A Checklist for Peer Review
A Student's Essay, from Rough Notes to Final Version
EMILY ANDREWS, Why I Don't Spare Change (annotated student essay)
Assignment for an Argument of Your Own

7           Using Sources
Why Use Sources?
             Entering a Discourse
             Understanding Information Literacy
Choosing a Topic
Finding Sources
Visual Guide: Finding Discourse on Your Topic
             Finding Quality Information Online
             Finding Articles Using Library Databases
Thinking Critically: Using Search Terms
             Locating Books
Evaluating Sources
             Scholarly, Popular, and Trade Sources
             Evaluating Online Sources
             Why Finding Reliable Internet Sources Is So Challenging
             A Word on "Fake News"
A Checklist for Identifying Fake News
             Native Advertising and Branded Content
             Considering How Current Sources Are
A Checklist for Evaluating Sources
Performing Your Own Primary Research
             Interviewing Peers and Local Authorities
Visual Guide: Conducting Interviews
             Conducting Observations
             Conducting Surveys
             Research in Archives and Special Collections
Synthesizing Sources
Taking Notes
             A Note on Plagiarizing
A Checklist for Avoiding Plagiarism
Compiling an Annotated Bibliography
Quoting from Sources
Visual Guide: Integrating Quotations
Thinking Critically: Using Signal Phrases
Documentation
             A Note on Footnotes (and Endnotes)
MLA Format: Citations within the Text
MLA Format: The List of Works Cited
APA Format: Citations within the Text
APA Format: The List of References
A Checklist for Critical Papers Using Sources
An Annotated Student Research Paper in MLA Format
LESLEY TIMMERMAN, An Argument for Corporate Responsibility (annotated student essay)
An Annotated Student Research Paper in APA Format
*HANNAH SMITH BROOKS, Does Ability Determine Expertise? (annotated student essay)

Part Three FURTHER VIEWS ON ARGUMENT

8         A Philosopher's View: The Toulmin Model
Visual Guide: The Toulmin Method
Components of the Toulmin Model
The Claim
Grounds
Warrants
Backing
Modal Qualifiers
Rebuttals
Thinking Critically: Constructing a Toulmin Argument
Putting the Toulmin Method to Work: Responding to an Argument
JAMES E. McWILLIAMS, The Locavore Myth: Why Buying from Nearby Farmers Won't Save the Planet
Thinking with Toulmin's Method
 A Checklist Using the Toulmin Method

9         A Logician's View: Deduction, Induction, Fallacies
Using Formal Logic for Critical Thinking
Visual Guide: Deduction and Induction
Deduction
Examples of Deduction
Induction
             Observation and Inference
             Probability
             Mill's Methods
Fallacies
             Fallacies of Ambiguity
             Fallacies of Presumption
             Fallacies of Irrelevance
             Additional Fallacies
A Checklist for Evaluating an Argument from a Logical Point of View
Thinking Critically: Identifying Fallacies
MAX SHULMAN, Love Is a Fallacy

10        A Psychologist's View: Rogerian Argument
Rogerian Argument: An Introduction
Visual Guide: Rogerian Argument
A Checklist for Analyzing Rogerian Argument
CARL R. ROGERS, Communication: Its Blocking and Its Facilitation
EDWARD O. WILSON, Letter to a Southern Baptist Minister

11        A Literary Critic's View: Arguing about Literature
Interpreting
Judging (or Evaluating)
Theorizing
A Checklist for Arguing about Literature
Examples: Two Students Interpret Robert Frost's "Mending Wall"
ROBERT FROST, Mending Wall
JONATHAN DEUTSCH, The Deluded Speaker in Frost's "Mending Wall" (student essay)
FELICIA ALONSO, The Debate in Robert Frost's "Mending Wall" (student essay)
Reading a Poem and a Story
*RICHARD BLANCO, One Today
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
Thinking about the Effects of Literature
PLATO, "The Greater Part of the Stories Current Today We Shall Have to Reject"

12      A Debater's View: Individual Oral Presentations and Debate
Oral Presentations
             Methods of Delivery
             Audience
A Checklist for an Oral Presentation
             Delivery
             Content
Formal Debates
             Standard Debate Format
A Checklist for Preparing for a Debate

 Part Four  CASEBOOKS

13       A College Education: What Is Its Purpose?
*ANDREW DELBANCO, 3 Reasons College Still Matters
*CARLO ROTELLA, No, It Doesn't Matter What You Majored In
*EDWARD CONARD, We Don't Need More Humanities Majors
*CHRISTIAN MADSBJERG AND MIKKEL B. RASMUSSEN, We Need More Humanities Majors
*CAROLINE HARPER, HBCUs, Black Women, and STEM Success

14       What Is the Ideal Society?
*THOMAS MORE, From Utopia
*NICCOLĂ’ MACHIAVELLI, From The Prince
*THOMAS JEFFERSON, The Declaration of Independence
*ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
*MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., I Have a Dream
*W. H. AUDEN, The Unknown Citizen
*EMMA LAZARUS, The New Colossus
*WALT WHITMAN, One Song, America, Before I Go
*URSULA K. LE GUIN, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

Index of Authors, Titles, and Terms

Sylvan Barnet

Sylvan Barnet was a professor of English and former director of writing at Tufts University. His several texts on writing and his numerous anthologies for introductory composition and literature courses have remained leaders in their field through many editions. His titles, with Hugo Bedau, include Current Issues and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.


Hugo Bedau

Hugo Bedau was a professor of philosophy at Tufts University and served as chair of the philosophy department and chair of the university's committee on College Writing. An internationally respected expert on the death penalty, and on moral, legal, and political philosophy, he wrote or edited a number of books on these topics. He co-authored, with Sylvan Barnet, of Current Issues and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.


John O'Hara

John Fitzgerald O'Hara is an associate professor of Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing at Stockton University, where he is the coordinator of the first-year critical thinking program, and former Director of the Master of Arts in American Studies Program. He regularly teaches writing, critical thinking, and courses in American literature and history and is a nationally-recognized expert on the 1960s. He is the co-author of Current Issues and Enduring Questions; Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing; and From Critical Thinking to Argument.

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Critical Thinking Reading And Writing 10th Edition

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